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|Section2= |Section3= }} Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in ''in vitro'' and ''in vivo'' studies. == Biological effects == Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. PCA extracted from ''Hibiscus sabdariffa'' protected against chemically induced liver toxicity ''in vivo''. ''In vitro'' testing documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of PCA, while liver protection ''in vivo'' was measured by chemical markers and histological assessment. PCA has been reported to induce apoptosis of human leukemia cells, as well as malignant HSG1 cells taken from human oral cavities, but PCA was found to have mixed effects on TPA-induced mouse skin tumours. Depending on the amount of PCA and the time before application, PCA could reduce or enhance tumour growth. Similarly, PCA was reported to increase proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of neural stem cells. In an ''in vitro'' model using HL-60leukemia cells, protocatechuic acid showed an antigenotoxic effect and tumoricidal activity.〔Anter J, Romero-Jiménez M, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Villatoro-Pulido M, Analla M, Alonso-Moraga A, Muñoz-Serrano A.,"Antigenotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis induction by apigenin, bisabolol, and protocatechuic acid." ''J Med Food.'' 2011 Mar;14(3):276-83〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Protocatechuic acid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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